[Safety Column] Popularization of Electrical Safety Knowledge

1. Knowledge of safe use of electricity

Two kinds of voltages are used in daily life and production, one is power voltage, and its voltage is 380V; the other is lighting and household appliances, and its voltage is 220v. The current national standard stipulates that the safe voltage is 36v, and the voltage exceeding 36v is likely to cause electric shock or electric injury to the human body, and the higher the voltage, the more dangerous it is.

2. Common electric shock accidents

1. Lack of common sense of electricity use, touching live wires;

2. The human body is in direct contact with the live parts without complying with the electricity regulations;

3. Due to improper management of electrical equipment, the insulation is damaged and leakage occurs, and the human body touches the shell of the leakage equipment;

4. The high-voltage line falls to the ground, causing damage to the human body by the step voltage;

5. During the maintenance, the safety organization measures and safety technical measures are incomplete, and the wiring is wrong, resulting in an electric shock accident;

6. Accidental factors, such as high and low voltage lines broken by strong winds, lightning strikes, etc.

Three, the type of electric shock accident

1. Electric shock: It refers to the phenomenon that electric current passes through the human body and causes internal organs to be injured, such as muscle cramps, difficulty breathing, cardiac paralysis and even death. This is a dangerous electric shock accident.

The electrical resistance of the human body is mainly concentrated on the skin, which is directly related to the condition of the skin. Dry, healthy skin has an average electrical resistance 40 times higher than thin, moist skin. The severity ranges from mild burns to death, and is mainly affected by the type, strength and resistance of the electric shock site, the path of the electric current through the human body, and the duration of the electric shock.

2. Electric injury: mainly refers to the injury caused to the outside of the human body (including arc burns, electric branding, molten metal particles infiltrating the skin, etc., which can be fatal in severe cases, and the temperature can reach 8000 degrees), that is, the thermal effect of electric current, chemical Effects, mechanical effects of damage to external tissues or organs of the human body, such as electrical burns, metal splashes, and electrical burns.

Fourth, the law of electric shock accidents

1. There are far more electric shock accidents in rural areas than in enterprises. The electricity consumption in rural areas is not regulated by enterprises, and accidents are more likely to occur.

2. There are more low-voltage electric shocks than high-voltage electric shocks. According to statistics, the number of deaths from low-voltage electrocution accounts for 70%-80% of all electrocution deaths, mainly due to low-voltage power grid broadcasting, which has a lot of contact with people.

3. There are many single-phase electric shock accidents: especially the leakage accidents caused by the leakage of hand-held power tools and mobile electrical appliances account for more than 60% of all leakage accidents.

4. "Accident points" mostly occur in electrical connection parts: such as switches, plugs, connectors, controllers and other live parts.

5. There is obvious seasonality: from June to September every year, the insulation performance of electrical equipment is reduced due to humid and rainy weather.

6. There are many electric shock accidents caused by wrong operation and illegal operations.

7. Young and middle-aged people have more electric shock accidents.

8. There are many electric shock accidents in metallurgy, construction and machinery industries.

Five, the risk factors of electric shock accident

1. The voltage through the human body (less than 36V is a safe voltage).

2. The current through the human body (more than 0.1A can be electrocuted).

3. The length of the current action time (the longer the time, the greater the current damage to human body functions, and the less likely to be rescued).

4. The level of frequency (frequency 50 to 60HZ is dangerous to the human body).

5. The way the current passes.

6. The physical condition of the electrocuted person.

7. The resistance of the human body.

6. Safety voltage and power cord marking

The voltage levels stipulated in my country are: 36V, 24V, 12V, 6V.

  Power cord marking symbol

  L: Phase wire (live wire) N: Neutral wire (neutral wire) E: Ground wire

7. Technical measures to prevent electric shock

Direct electric shock protection measures:

1. Insulate the charged body

2. Install screen guards

3. Set up barriers

4. Increase the interval

5. Install leakage protection device

6. Safe Voltage

Indirect contact protection measures:

1. Take protective measures

2. Reinforced insulation

3. Non-conductive environment

4. Equipotential environment

5. Electrical isolation

6. Safe Voltage

7. Strictly abide by various operating procedures and safe work procedures

8. During thunderstorms, do not walk around the grounding wires of high-voltage poles, iron towers and lightning rods, at least 10M away from each other to avoid electric shock by stepping voltage.

Electric shock protection measures in practical applications:

1. Damaged switches, wires, etc. should be repaired and replaced in time, and they cannot be used immediately.

2. People who do not understand electrical technology and have little knowledge, do not install or disassemble electrical equipment indiscriminately, let alone connect wires and repairs indiscriminately.

3. The electric box should be controlled, and items should not be stored.

4. Do not use electrical equipment with wet hands and feet, and do not touch switches to avoid electric shock.

5. When cleaning, do not wipe the wires and switches with a damp cloth, and do not wash the wires and various electrical appliances, lamps, etc. with water.

6. When moving electrical equipment, it needs to be powered off before moving.

7. The short-fuse protection should be perfected. When the fuse is blown, it is necessary to find out the reason in time and replace it with a fuse of the same melting capacity, instead of copper wire or iron wire.

8. First aid methods for electric shock accidents

1. When high voltage electric shock occurs

Emergency personnel should pay special attention to safety and quickly turn off the power switch. If the power switch cannot be cut off quickly, they should use a qualified insulating rod, wear insulating gloves and wear insulating shoes, so that the electric shock person can be disconnected from the power source.

2. When a low-voltage electric shock occurs

Quickly cut off the power switch. If the power cannot be cut off quickly, you can use dry bamboo poles, wooden sticks, etc. to remove the wires on the spot.

3. After the electric shock person is disconnected from the power supply, every second should be used for rescue

A. If the electrocuted person can still breathe, and the heart is still beating but has lost consciousness, they should be carried to a ventilated place to rest and strengthen observation.

B. If the person is seriously injured after electric shock, often loses consciousness, or even "feigned death", artificial respiration and extracorporeal heart massage and extrusion should be performed immediately.

4. Artificial respiration operation method

A. Cover the middle nose of the electrocuted person with a handkerchief or gauze.

B. The first aider exhales first, then blows his mouth to the victim's mouth, and at the same time holds the victim's nose with his hands to prevent air leakage.

C. After blowing air, the rescuer should immediately move his mouth away, relax the nostrils of the victim, and pull his chin or lower lip forward with his hands to exhale the air.

D. Blow 12 to 16 times per minute. When the electrocuted person improves, the artificial respiration should be suspended for a few seconds to allow him to breathe freely. If the breathing cannot be fully recovered, the artificial respiration should be continued until he can breathe normally.

Some pictures come from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author. If you are involved in infringement or have any questions about copyright, please email td.xiao@hzruico.com. We will deal with it as soon as possible, thanks.