【Safety Column】Continued high temperature, how to prevent heat stroke during high temperature work in summer

The big summer solar term has passed, and the real high temperature test of summer is coming! Under high temperature, it is only a pinch of cumin away from barbecue. It is a big challenge for safety production and prevention. How can we work well? "Student Rui Rui" has sorted out some heatstroke protection measures for high temperature work, let's take a look!

What is hot work?

High temperature operation refers to abnormal meteorological conditions combined with high air temperature, strong thermal radiation, or high humidity (relative humidity ≥ 80% RH), and the wet bulb black bulb temperature index (WBGT index) exceeds the specified limit 's work.

High temperature weather refers to weather with a daily temperature above 35°C released to the public by meteorological stations affiliated to meteorological authorities at or above the prefecture level. The temperature is subject to the release of the meteorological stations affiliated to the meteorological authorities at or above the prefecture level.

High-temperature weather operation refers to the operation that the employer arranges for laborers to perform in the high-temperature natural meteorological environment during the high-temperature weather.

Common hot work

According to the characteristics of its meteorological conditions, it is divided into three types

1. High temperature and strong heat radiation operations, such as:

①Coking, iron, steel and other workshops in the metallurgical industry

②Foundry workshop of machinery manufacturing industry

2. High temperature and high humidity operations, such as:

① Textile printing and dyeing factories

②In deep coal mines

3. Outdoor work in summer, such as:

Construction sites, large-scale sports competitions, etc.

The effect of high temperature on the human body

Effects on Physiological Functions:

①Adjustment of body temperature: Factors such as meteorological conditions, labor intensity, labor time, and the health of the human body in high-temperature operations have an impact on thermoregulation.

②Water and salt metabolism: When working at high temperature, perspiration increases significantly, which can cause the body to lose water, sodium oxide, potassium, calcium, magnesium, vitamins, etc. If it is not replenished in time, it can lead to severe dehydration, circulatory failure, heat cramps, etc.

③ Circulatory system: When working at high temperature, the cardiovascular system is often in a state of tension, which can lead to changes in blood pressure. The number of patients with hypertension increased with the increase of working years at high temperature.

④ Digestive system: It can cause loss of appetite, indigestion, and the prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases increases with the increase of working years.

⑤ Neuroendocrine system: central nervous system depression may occur, attention and work ability are reduced, and work-related accidents are prone to occur.

⑥Urinary system: Since a large amount of water is excreted through the sweat glands, if it is not replenished in time, renal insufficiency and proteinuria may occur.

What is heat stroke?

Heat stroke is an acute heat-induced disease mainly caused by disorders of the central nervous system and/or cardiovascular system due to heat balance or water-salt metabolism disorder in a high temperature environment.

The main causes of heat stroke are: too high ambient temperature, too high humidity; too much labor intensity, too long time; excessive fatigue, lack of sleep; Occupational heat stroke can be diagnosed based on the occupational history of high temperature workers and clinical symptoms such as elevated body temperature, muscle cramps, and syncope, and exclusion of other diseases.

During mild heat stroke, the following conditions occur to the workers:

① Dizziness, chest tightness, palpitations, flushing, burning skin;

② Early symptoms of respiratory and circulatory failure, such as profuse sweating, pale complexion, drop in blood pressure, and weak pulse;

③Clinical symptoms such as rectal temperature rise above 38.5℃.

Severe heatstroke can be diagnosed in anyone who has one of the main clinical symptoms of heat stroke, heat cramps and heat exhaustion.

Heat Stroke: In a hot environment, the way of heat dissipation is blocked and the body temperature is unbalanced. The clinical features are sudden onset, body temperature rises above 40°C, profuse sweating at the beginning, and then no sweating, accompanied by dry heat, disturbance of consciousness, drowsiness, coma and other central nervous system symptoms. Mortality is high.

Heat cramps: Caused by excessive loss of sodium and potassium in the body due to profuse sweating. The main clinical manifestation is muscle spasm, accompanied by contraction pain. Spasms are more common in frequently active muscles such as limb muscles and abdominal muscles, and gastrocnemius muscles are better. The spasticity was symmetrical, with episodes and remissions, and the patient was conscious and had normal body temperature.

Heat exhaustion: In a high temperature and high humidity environment, the increase in skin blood flow is not accompanied by splanchnic vasoconstriction or increased blood volume. Insufficient compensation causes a temporary decrease in blood supply to the brain, resulting in syncope. Generally rapid onset, first dizziness, headache, palpitations, sweating, nausea, vomiting, clammy skin, pale complexion, temporary drop in blood pressure, syncope and other symptoms. Body temperature is slightly high or not high. Take a short rest to wake up.

How is heatstroke treated?

Mild heatstroke: The patient quickly leaves the high temperature environment, moves to a well-ventilated place to rest, and is given a refreshing drink containing salt, and if necessary, an intravenous drip of glucose and normal saline.

Severe heat stroke: heat stroke: reduce body temperature, maintain circulatory respiratory system function, correct water and electrolyte balance disorders. Heat cramps: Oral salt-containing cool drinks, if necessary, give dextrose normal saline intravenous drip. Heat exhaustion: transfer to a ventilated and cool place, orally drink salty drinks, and treat symptomatically.

Heatstroke prevention measures for high temperature work

1. Technical measures:

① Reasonable design of technological process, improvement of production equipment and operation methods.

② Arrange the heat source reasonably, and try to arrange the heat source outside the workshop;

③ Take thermal insulation measures;

④ Take ventilation and cooling measures.

2. Health measures:

①Supplying cool drinks for heatstroke prevention and cooling, cooling products and supplementary nutrition: Salt soda, mung bean soup, soy milk, and sour plum soup should be used as high-temperature drinks, and it is advisable to drink a small amount of water several times. Towels, wind oil essence, Huoxiangzhengqi water and Rendan can be prepared for heatstroke prevention and cooling supplies. In addition, to formulate a reasonable dietary system, the diet should be supplemented with protein and calories, vitamins A, B1, B2, C and calcium.

②Strengthen personal protection, and provide high-temperature workers with high-temperature protective clothing, protective glasses, masks, gloves, shoe covers, leggings, etc. For high-temperature workers with high radiation intensity, white work clothes with flame resistance and low thermal conductivity should be provided.

③ Strengthen medical prevention work, conduct pre-employment and pre-summer physical examinations for high-temperature workers, and exclude occupational contraindications.

④Organizational measures: strengthen leadership, improve management, and strictly abide by the national high temperature operating standards. In the hot season, adjust the work and rest time reasonably, strengthen the rotation operation, and ensure that the high-temperature operators have sufficient sleep and rest in summer.

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